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Chapter 5.
53
Debugging
Useful, well-written software generally goes through different phases of application development,
and mistakes can occur in each phase. Some phases come with their own set of mechanisms to
detect certain mistakes; during compilation, for example, most compilers perform elementary semantic
analysis, making sure objects such as variables and functions are adequately described.
The error-checking mechanisms of each application development phase helps catch simple and
obvious mistakes in code. The debugging phase helps catch more subtle errors; ones that fell through
the cracks during routine code inspection.
5.1. Installing Debuginfo Packages
Red Hat Enterprise Linux also provides -debuginfo packages for all architecture-dependent RPMs
included in the operating system. A -debuginfo package contains accurate debugging information
for its corresponding package. To install the -debuginfo package of a package (i.e. typically
packagename-debuginfo), use the following command:
debuginfo-install packagename
Note
Attempting to debug a package without having its -debuginfo equivalent installed may fail,
although GDB will try to provide any helpful diagnostics it can.
5.2. GDB
Fundamentally, like most debuggers, GDB manages the execution of compiled code in a very closely
controlled environment. This environment makes possible the following fundamental mechanisms
necessary to the operation of GDB:
• Inspect and modify memory within the code being debugged (e.g. reading and setting variables).
• Control the execution state of the code being debugged, principally whether it's running or stopped.
• Detect the execution of particular sections of code (e.g. stop running code when it reaches a
specified area of interest to the programmer).
• Detect access to particular areas of memory (e.g. stop running code when it accesses a specified
variable).
• Execute portions of code (from an otherwise stopped program) in a controlled manner.
• Detect various programmatic asynchronous events such as signals.
The operation of these mechanisms rely mostly on information produced by a compiler. For example,
to view the value of a variable, GDB has to know:
• The location of the variable in memory
• The nature of the variable
This means that displaying a double-precision floating point value requires a very different process
from displaying a string of characters. For something complex like a structure, GDB has to know
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 1
- Developer Guide 1
- Enterprise Linux 6 3
- Edition 0 3
- 1. Document Conventions 7
- 1.2. Pull-quote Conventions 8
- 1.3. Notes and Warnings 9
- 2.1. Do You Need Help? 9
- 2.2. We Need Feedback! 10
- Introduction to Eclipse 11
- 1.2. Help In Eclipse 13
- 1.3. Development Toolkits 15
- Environment (IDE) 17
- 2.2. Useful Hints 21
- 2.2.2. libhover Plug-in 27
- 2.2.2.1. Setup and Usage 28
- Libraries and Runtime Support 31
- 3.2.1. API Compatibility 32
- 3.2.2. ABI Compatibility 32
- 3.2.3. Policy 32
- 3.2.4. Static Linking 33
- 3.3.1. The GNU C Library 33
- std::vector 37
- elements in any order 37
- 3.3.3. Boost 38
- 3.3.3.1. Boost Updates 39
- 3.3.3.2. Boost Documentation 40
- 3.3.4. Qt 41
- 3.3.4.2. Qt Creator 42
- 3.3.5.1. KDE4 Architecture 42
- 3.3.6. Python 44
- 3.3.7. Java 45
- 3.3.8. Ruby 46
- 3.3.9. Perl 47
- 3.3.9.3. Perl Documentation 48
- Compiling and Building 49
- 4.1.2. Language Compatibility 50
- 4.1.6. Running GCC 53
- 4.1.6.1. Simple C Usage 54
- 4.1.6.2. Simple C++ Usage 54
- 4.2. Distributed Compiling 60
- 4.3. Autotools 60
- 4.3.2. Configuration Script 61
- Debugging 63
- 5.2.1. Simple GDB 64
- 5.2.2. Running GDB 65
- 5.2.4. Forked Execution 68
- 5.2.5. Threads 68
- 5.2.7. GDB Documentation 68
- 5.4. Python Pretty-Printers 69
- Highly Customizable 70
- Easy to Learn 70
- Profiling 71
- 6.2. Valgrind 72
- 6.2.2. Using Valgrind 73
- 6.3. OProfile 74
- 6.3.2. Using OProfile 75
- 6.4. SystemTap 76
- Unprivileged Users) 78
- 6.5. Eclipse-Callgraph 79
- Chapter 6. Profiling 80
- 6.5.2. The Callgraph View 81
- Go to Code 84
- 6.6.1. Perf Tool Commands 85
- 6.6.2. Using Perf 85
- 6.7. ftrace 87
- 6.7.2. ftrace Documentation 88
- Appendix A. Revision History 89
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