16.12 Ownership and Permissions 249
Figure 16.18: Changing permissions for sneakers.txt
By typing go-rw, then, we were saying “for the group and others, remove read and write permission
to the file sneakers.txt.”
You might think of these settings as a kind of shorthand when you want to change permissions with
chmod, because all you really have to do is remember a few symbols and letters with the chmod
command.
Here a list of what the shorthand represents:
Identities
u – the user who owns the file (that is, the owner)
g – the group to which the user belongs
o – others (not the owner or the owner’sgroup)
a – everyone (u, g,ando)
Permissions
r – read access
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